Malcolm Little (Malcolm X)
- Born:
- May 19, 1925, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Died:
- February 21, 1965, New York City, New York, USA
- Nationality:
- American
- Profession(s):
- Activist, Minister, Human Rights Advocate
Early Life and Education
- Experienced racial prejudice and violence early in life, including the murder of his father.
- Placed in foster care after his mother was institutionalized.
- Dropped out of school after completing the eighth grade.
Career and Major Achievements
- Became a prominent member and spokesperson for the Nation of Islam (NOI).
- Advocated for Black empowerment, self-determination, and racial separatism (initially).
- Established Muslim Mosque, Inc. after leaving the NOI.
- Founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU).
- Traveled extensively throughout Africa and the Middle East.
- Shifted towards a more inclusive ideology after his pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj).
Notable Works
- Speeches and Essays: Compiled in various collections, including "Malcolm X Speaks."
- Letters: Published in "Malcolm X: The Last Speeches."
- The impact of the story of his life as presented in the autobiography of malcolm x audiobook unabridged continues to resonate with readers and listeners worldwide.
Legacy and Impact
Malcolm X's legacy is complex and enduring. He remains a pivotal figure in the Civil Rights Movement and Black liberation struggles, influencing subsequent generations with his powerful message of self-reliance and racial pride. His later shift towards internationalism and human rights advocacy broadened his appeal and influence beyond the United States.
Notable Works
| Title | Year | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malcolm X Speaks | 1965 | Book (Compilation of Speeches) | Edited by George Breitman |
| The Autobiography of Malcolm X | 1965 | Book (Autobiography) | As told to Alex Haley |
| By Any Means Necessary | 1970 | Book (Collection of Speeches) | Edited by George Breitman |