Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany, to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Moved to Munich in 1880.
- Received early education at a Catholic elementary school.
- Family relocated to Italy in the mid-1890s.
- Renounced German citizenship in 1896.
- Attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, graduating in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern from 1902 to 1909.
- Published four groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as the "Annus Mirabilis papers."
- Developed the theory of special relativity.
- Formulated the mass-energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E=mc².
- Explained the photoelectric effect (for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921).
- Developed the theory of general relativity (published in 1915).
- Professor at various universities, including the University of Berlin and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905)
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905)
- "Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement" (1905)
- "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (1905)
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916)
- Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1916)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's work revolutionized physics and profoundly impacted our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time.
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